What activity can occur when functions are designed to fulfil the needs of only a specific team or department of an organization?

When functions are designed to fulfill the needs of only a specific team or department within an organization, it creates a "silo." Silos occur when teams or departments operate independently without much interaction or communication with others in the organization. This often leads to a lack of alignment with broader business goals and can hinder collaboration, innovation, and the overall efficiency of the organization. Silos can create environments where teams focus solely on their objectives, which may be at odds with the organization's mission.

In contrast, other concepts such as DevOps focus on breaking down silos by promoting collaboration and integrated working between development and operations teams. Goodhart's Law refers to the idea that once a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure, often leading to unintended consequences. Feedback loops are mechanisms for receiving input on processes and outcomes, allowing for improvements. However, none of these options describe the isolating effect that silos have within organizations. Hence, the identifying characteristic of a situation where functions are tailored for specific teams leading to disconnection from the rest of the organization is accurately captured by the term "silo."